PUBLIC MARKS with tags modeling & denormalization

Denormalization is the process of attempting to optimize the performance of a database by adding redundant data. It is sometimes necessary because current DBMSs implement the relational model poorly. A true relational DBMS would allow for a fully normalized database at the logical level, while providing physical storage of data that is tuned for high performance.

Heuristics for denormalizing relational database tables are examined with an objective of improving processing performance for data insertions, deletions and selection. Client-server applications necessitate consideration of denormalized database schemas as a means of achieving good system performance where the client-server interface is graphical (GUI) and the network capacity is limited by the network channel.